Indian Council of World Affairs

Abstract: This viewpoint explores the relevance of successful launch of Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) in space by India. 

In recent years, space exploration and satellites have gained prominence in international relations. With the successful lift off the Earth Observation Satellite-08 (EOS-08), India’s ambitions and capabilities in space have been on the rise with the use of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)-D3. Such accomplishments accentuate the technological advancement of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), but more importantly, they capture India’s position and aspirations in the global landscape. This viewpoint highlights India’s successful development and launch of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV), underscoring its significance in enhancing India’s space capabilities and global positioning. 

The SSLV and Its Importance 

The introduction of the SSLV signals a landmark shift in India’s strategy towards observing satellite launches and possessing a place in the world. The SSLV, with its compact design and efficient launch capabilities, stands as a testament to India’s evolving space technology and its strategic foresight. At just 34 metres tall, the SSLV is notably shorter than the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV),[i] yet it delivers a range of critical advantages that enhance India’s position in the global space industry.

In a nutshell, the SSLV fulfils the increasing necessities of economical and prompt space accessibility, especially in the small satellite market. Its ability to launch mini, micro, and nano (10–500 kg mass) satellites into Low Earth Orbit (LEO)[ii] at a fraction of the cost of larger rockets like the PSLV is a game-changer. This vehicle is particularly advantageous to countries with small budgets for space ventures, further establishing the reach of India in the market. With the introduction of less-cost delivery methods, India is able to create new sources of revenue and strengthen its position in the emerging outer space sector.

The rapid turnaround of the SSLV is strategically important because it allows for better scheduling and more frequent launches. This flexibility is crucial for quickly adapting to the evolving demands of private companies and international partners. The SSLV is strategically positioned in India due to the growing demand for satellites and advancements in technology, which necessitate timely satellite launches. This positioning also allows India to remain competitive in the market. Such flexibility will also enhance the capability of India to perform urgent operations such as disaster monitoring and environmental observations, which are more often considered essential nowadays.

The SSLV’s design reflects a broader strategic vision of reducing space mission costs while maintaining high reliability. Its all-solid propulsion stages, combined with a liquid propulsion-based Velocity Trimming Module (VTM),[iii]optimise performance and efficiency, ensuring precise placement of satellites into orbit. This technological advancement not only showcases India’s engineering prowess but also builds confidence among space-faring countries in South Asia, the Gulf region, Scandinavia, etc. in the reliability of Indian launch services.

In addition to its economic and technical benefits, the SSLV aligns with India’s broader space diplomacy objectives. By offering a more affordable and flexible launch option, India enhances its diplomatic leverage, forging stronger partnerships with countries and organisations seeking reliable space access. This increased collaboration can lead to enhanced international cooperation in various scientific and technological fields; further bolstering India’s global standing.

Opportunities and Challenges for India 

The significant advancement in India’s SSLV capabilities marks a pivotal moment for its space programme, providing an efficient and cost-effective method for launching small satellites. This advancement brings opportunities but comes with great challenges as well.

With regard to launching smaller satellites, which require low budgets, India becomes a possible destination for both countries and private organisations seeking cheaper ways to access space. This creates additional revenue opportunities for the space sector in India, therefore enhancing economic development and creating dispersion of technology. The ability to cater to a growing market of small satellite launches positions India as a competitive player in the global space industry.

To neighbouring countries, especially small states, the SSLV is a means of gaining space capabilities that may otherwise be inaccessible. India’s SSLV can assist these countries in placing their communication, observation, and research satellites in orbit. This capability can foster stronger regional ties and cooperative projects, promoting a sense of regional unity and shared progress.

The global market for small satellite launches is highly competitive, with several countries and private companies offering similar services. India will be forced to continue improving and modifying the existing SSLV to maintain a competitive edge. Ensuring that the SSLV meets high standards of reliability and performance is crucial for attracting and retaining countries in a competitive market.

Further, developing new space technologies always involves risks. The SSLV, while promising, must demonstrate consistent reliability in its performance. Any technical failures or inconsistencies could impact its reputation and market viability. Addressing these risks through rigorous testing and quality control is essential for maintaining trust among clients and stakeholders.

Revising of the SSLV programme plans before the recent successful launch required significant budgetary provisions to be able to afford the installation of various physical infrastructures, including launching pads, buildings for manufacturing, and other support systems. Reconciling such capital expenditures with other national needs and achieving optimum use of available resources was not easy. However, in building up the space launch services of India are expected to bring a wide range of benefits – economic, developmental and diplomatic – to India.

Conclusion

The successful deployment of EOS-08 on the SSLV-D3 is a remarkable achievement in the course of the Indian space program. SSLV programme will further international cooperation in the space sector and bring economic benefit. However, India must navigate the competitive landscape, manage technological risks, and invest in infrastructure to fully realise the potential of the SSLV. As India continues to advance its space capabilities, the SSLV stands as a testament to its growing influence and ambition on the global stage.

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*Keshav Verma, Research Associate, Indian Council of World Affairs, New Delhi.
Disclaimer: Views expressed are personal.

Endnotes

[i] Sivapriyan. “ISRO Launches SSLV-D3/EOS-08 Mission from Sriharikota.” Deccan Herald, August 16, 2024. https://www.deccanherald.com/science/space/isro-launches-sslv-d3eos-08-mission-from-sriharikota-3152579.

[ii] C.S., Hemanth. “ISRO Successfully Launches EOS-08 Earth Observation Satellite.” The Hindu, August 16, 2024. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-earth-observation-satellite-sslv-d3-eos-08-launch-sriharikota-august-16-2024/article68531393.ece.

[iii] Ibid. 2